History of Architecture PART1

" ARchiteCTURE for LIFE "

JSB 352 History of Islamic Architecture

Lecturer: Ar Raja Azman Shah Raja Umardin


INTRODUCTION

Islamic Architecture is noted for its:
- continuity
- breadth
- diversity

Architecture is the solemn identity of peoples & civilization.

Become landmarks in an environment which emplify the identity, shape, tone & society.


ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION


Latin word "civitas" means a town/ city
- Materialistic advancement of asociety
- High achievement in science & technology

Arabic word "madani" expresses the development of township with a refined moral ethics.

"Pencapaian kehidupan insan bermasyarakat yang telah mencapai kehalusan tatasusila kebudayaan yang luhur bagi semua masyarakat" (Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas)

"Pencapaian manusia yang sudah melebihi keperluan asasi kehidupan sehingga membuka jalan ke arah pemikiran & penghasilan daya cipta yang ebih halus dan mempunyai nilai-nilai seni" (Ibn Khaldun)

Aim Islamic civilization (aspect)- RELATIONSHIP :
- MAN & ALLAH
- MAN & MANKIND
- MAN & ENVIRONMENT



ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Focus interior space as opposed to the exterior/ facade.

Dominant form of true Islamic Architecture is :
"HIDDEN ARCHITECTURE"

must be experienced by
-being entered -seen from w it hin

Separation between male, female & muhrim (double circulation system)


MOSQUE


Liturgical basis (Mosque design):
Entrance/ gateway
Ablution/ wudhu' area
Prayer hall
Mimbar
Mihrab


Space indicate 2 direction: Mecca (qibla) & sky
Indication of qibla by: Mihrab/ recessed wall

Decoration, texture, materials & form
(symbolic value in tradition)

Geometrical shapes

Repetitive arts

Islamic calligraphy

Central fountain (wudhu')

Bright colours


Types of mosque:
Hypostyle
Iwan
Central dome